Eu4 How To Give Land To Allies

From some long forgotten vault your diplomat has discovered a document of true and verified authenticity. It proves beyond any doubt that you are the rightful owner of that fantastically valuable province right across the border. But how to claim your birthright? Those villains won't listen to reason, won't give it back, so it’s time to prepare for war!

You need Cossacks expansion. Then when declaring war, in the window that lets you call in allies you'll see the country flag, a little icon of something, and the RedX/GreenCheck. Click that icon and it'll scroll between using favors, not calling them and promising them land. You ha very to change the area owner in the war. If you click on the province it should have a drop down to select your ally in war. Then in peace deal the land should be OK to give to them. This will only work if they actually want the land and or have low overextension.

Paradox's Europa Universalis IVis a game with many facets that you as the player need to try and master. It can be a bit daunting, and not everything in the game presents itself in an obvious manner. This guide comprises of top tips on how to prepare for a war. We will do future guides on actually fighting wars, economic tips & tricks and anything else that we feel may need exploring.

The advice and information presented here is correct as of the 1.28.2 Patch and the Golden Century expansion, which released on Dec 18th, 2018.

The pre-war checklist

• The Plan - Check geography, enemy disposition, key war goals.
• Armies - Increase army maintenance & assign generals.
• Politics - Check the status of your allies and the enemies.
• Finance - Build a war chest for army maintenance and replacing troops
• Enemies - Check military technology parity, relative manpower and army size

The Plan

Never consider going to war in EU4 without first coming to an understanding of what you intend to achieve through the engagement. Build a plan and determine if what you want is possible before you even start warming up your armies on the launchpad.

Sometimes provinces will look extra tasty for just a little military adventurism until you notice that pesky fort which will hold you off for 10 years and allow reinforcements to fall on you like rain or you overextend and your army starves in the field without reinforcements, dying to an inferior force.

• Switch the map to the Simple Terrain mode and review the target’s territory. This mode gives a clearer indicator of terrain on each province; River boundaries between provinces are defined, blue for a river crossing, black for none. Plan to attack vulnerable forts in flat land where you’ll suffer low attrition and no terrain malus if the enemy attempts to relieve the siege.
• Switch the map to the Supply map mode and identify places to avoid. Desert or mountainous provinces have low supply limits and an additional supply malus for arid or wintery conditions. If an army's' reinforcement rate is higher than the attrition rate any losses will immediately reinforce back up to maximum. Consequently your army will appear undamaged and it is not obvious you are taking attrition-based losses, although you will see your manpower quickly drain. Try to advance via high high supply limit provinces, like farmlands and grassland. Coastal provinces also have a 50% bonus to supply. At the same time, realize the enemy has the same intention and an easier time on the defense dealing with attrition. If you can force him to march through low supply areas to attack the army you have sieging his fort, his morale and manpower may be depleted in the process. Every bit helps.
• Identify key battlegrounds: Check for choke-points in mountain passes or along sea crossings. You may be able to use them to box the enemy in, forcing them to attack you in disadvantageous terrain. A special note on horde nations: they receive a 25% bonus to the shock phase when fighting in flat land (grassland, steppe, desert), so avoid fighting them there. They receive 25% malus on difficult terrain.
• Choose the right war goal and find a good route to the enemy capital. When attacking into enemy territory these the two most important provinces to take. Capturing both will drive up war score and enemy war exhaustion, although you must take any forts near to the war goal in order for you to be able to claim the territory in a peace deal.

Armies

The fist on the end of your military arm are your armies, with which you should pummel your enemy aggressively. Power and speed are important aspects, but maneuver can be the decisive difference.

• Your army should be as close to your Force Limit as manpower and finances allow. Ideally, you will be at maximum Force Limit and fully reinforced with manpower to spare. Recruiting new troops just before a war will drain your manpower by 1k per new regiment, and you'll need that later. Individual armies should have at least 2 cavalry, as they provide vital flanking bonuses in battle. In the first 100 years try to recruit more as cavalry do excellent damage in the shock phase. However, too much cavalry (over 50% for western nations) and you will suffer an 'Insufficient Support' penalty.
• Armies should also have at least 1 artillery to aid in sieges. You typically won't have this till around 1492 unless you're lucky/smart with technology. As time progresses artillery does more damage in battle, so in the later game aim for a 1:1 ratio of cannon to front line troops.
• The Army Maintenance slider should be set to 100% and all army morale bars have filled completely. It will automatically jump to 100% upon declaration of war, however if your peacetime maintenance is very low (typically to save money) it may take months for your armies to regain full morale.
• Your own manpower needs to be sufficient for the war: An evenly matched war requires as close to 100% as possible, although 50% should be enough for fighting a weaker nation. Potential foes will keep track of your manpower and dropping too low can cause an AI nation to attack you because they perceive it as weakness. Plan for failure as well as success; don't commit so much manpower on the move that your borders at home invite someone else to jump on you while you're distracted by the war. Be willing to bail out if need be.
• Armies should have generals attached with good combat skills where possible. Favor a general with the best shock skill in the first 100 years, as most of the casualties are inflicted in the shock phase, especially with cavalry heavy armies. Later, favor generals with the best fire skill as the fire phase becomes more lethal. Maneuver and Siege are also useful but situational - you can consider swapping in a good siege general only when needed. Also note a higher maneuver skill than the enemy will negate any river crossing penalties.

Politics

War may be politics by other means, but keeping an eye on your relationship with nearby countries and others which may be more influential is how you keep your friends close and your enemies closer. A friendly helping hand when you're taking on someone with superior numbers, superior technology, or superior position can make all the difference.

• Generate a spy network before going to war with your enemy - you will need to assign a diplomat permanently to work on this. This can provide up to +20% siege ability and -10% aggressive expansion impact with that nation. Aggressive Expansion determines how much they’ll hate you and how likely they are to form a post war coalition once you've beaten them.
• Make sure you have claims on the provinces you wish to capture, as you cannot raise claims during a war. They will reduce the core creation cost, province war score cost and local autonomy by -10% when you take it. Note that you can only lay claim on provinces that directly border your own, with the exception being coastal provinces that share the same sea zone.
• Check the political situation of your enemy: Is your target already at war and/or are his allies? Check the political tab and try to time your attack when your target is already at war. Review the current war but be careful not to leave it too late and allow peace to break out while you’re still preparing. Right click on the flag of your target (and his allies) from the province view and click the gold star. This will mark them as countries of interest and you will receive a popup to inform you that they are in a war.
• Check the political situation of your own allies: are your allies ready to support you? Generally, your allies will be more willing to support if:
• They have been at peace for a while (they have a high manpower and no debts).
• You have been allied for 10+ years (you gradually gain favours with your allies and can call them into war when you have 10 or more).
• They border your target or his allies.

• Consider if your allies can get to you and/or your enemy. If they cannot, will you be able to convince the nations in-between to allow access?

Finance

Maybe adding a little jingle to your pocket is why you're going to war in the first place. The wealth of nations is often the driver of militaristic interaction. Having more people under your iron heel is nice and all, but the tax revenue they provide and the trade they give you access to typically justifies the price in blood and treasure to challenge another for their allegiance.

• Collect a war chest. Save enough money to pay for your army upkeep and to replace lost armies. Remember, you pay for reinforcements with money as well as manpower which can increase your army upkeep considerably. You may also have to resort to mercenaries, in which case you require even deeper pockets. We recommend a couple hundred ducats, but 100 at a minimum should be okay for the average war. Remember you can Raise War Taxes during a war to give you a reduction on Land & Naval Maintenance.
• Plan for the length of the war. Consider hiring mercenaries to take you beyond your force limit. This is very expensive, however a decisive first battle (overwhelming the enemy with numbers and causing a stack wipe) can dramatically shorten a war. A longer war can easily prove to be more costly than the short term expense of recruiting above your force limit. Hiring mercenaries as a cash-rich and manpower-low nation is a good idea for mid-war as well. Concentrate on hiring infantry, since they take the bulk of the losses in combat (and therefore manpower drain). Recruiting artillery and cavalry normally is a more effective use of your manpower & ducats.
• Take on loans if necessary. War reparations and future income from captured high development provinces can more than make up for any interest on loans.
• Check how trade might be affected. If the enemy is likely to gain naval superiority, your trade income could be considerably affected as your light ships are driven from the seas. Consequently you may have less income during a war than you expected. Even if you are successful at sea, your trade fleets may be re-purposed as blockader and be unable to add to your trade power.

The Enemy

No matter how, when, or why you've decided to go to war, the enemy always gets a vote and how things turn out. Whoever you've decided to pick on, make sure that you check them out thoroughly or else you may be deciding to throw hands with an opponent who will provide an unpleasant experience.

• Review the target's military technology, which you can find it in by clicking on any of their provinces. It appears in the province overview or from the nation overview in the ledger. Each level gives particular bonuses and you can review your own bonuses and bonuses to come by hovering over the military tech in the technology tab. All other factors being equal, if your opponent is one level above you things will be problematic, two levels will be very hard and three will be all but impossible.
• Check the target's ideas. While checking the enemy's military technology you can also check their ideas from the diplomatic tab, hovering over the lightbulb will list their current ideas. The more military ideas the more bonuses they will receive during the war. Some of these many be fairly inconsequential but be careful of Offensive, Defensive, Plutocratic and Quality. These provide bonuses to army morale (how long they’ll fight for) or discipline (how much damage they do in combat). These bonuses can tip the balance in a war.
• Review the targets army status in the ledger. Check the enemy’s manpower, force limit and army size in the military tab of the ledger. If they outnumber you by more than 50% you may want to reconsider the war. A nation with low manpower is an excellent target for attack, they will be forced to replace losses with mercenaries (or not at all) and negative events can fire at 0 manpower. Their war exhaustion and national unrest will already be high which will cause them to sue for peace quicker.
• Check for revolts. Scan their country for provinces currently occupied by rebels, particularly forts. Even in the fog of war it can give you some indication of the state of your target, you can even spot provinces under siege by the siege animation active on the province. If your target is troubled by rebels you may want to bring your timetable for war forward to take advantage and before the rebels are crushed.

Aftermath

Once you've won or lost, succeeded or failed, come back with your shield or on it, now you have to win the peace.

• If you've won the war, but generated enough aggressive expansion so that your neighbors declare a coalition of the willing and decide to go to war with you in your weakened state, you're in for a bad time of it. If you've won the war but don't have enough monarch points to core the provinces you've taking control of, you very well may be setting yourself up for shattering civil wars or long-term economic dysfunction.
• If you've lost the war, any or all of the above could also happen but you need to deal with the repercussions of your enemy's counterclaims, which often involve taking your most prosperous provinces or breaking access to extremely useful trade routes. Not to mention the crippling costs of rebuilding your manpower and your armies among the detritus.

War in EU4 requires a steady hand, a clear eye, and sometimes nerves of steel.

Are you ready? You should be. Video downloader ultimate activation code. All that's left to do is to open up that menu and click the button. There's a lot more that could be set on actually fighting wars and strategies for different parts of the world, but the above advice should be generally applicable in all circumstances. Just remember - don't be greedy.

If you have any further comments or advice to give, feel free to post in the comment below!

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The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance (or Aliança Luso-Britânica, 'Luso-British Alliance', also known in Portugal as Aliança Inglesa, 'English Alliance'), ratified at the Treaty of Windsor in 1386, between England (succeeded by the United Kingdom) and Portugal, is the oldest alliance in the world that is still in force – with the earliest treaty dating back to the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373.

Historically, the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of England, and later the modern Portugal and United Kingdom, have never waged war against each other nor have they participated in wars on opposite sides as independent states since the signing of the Treaty of Windsor. While Portugal was subsumed under the Iberian Union, rebellious Portuguese factions and government in exile sought refuge and help in England. England spearheaded the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) on the side of the deposed Portuguese royal house.

The alliance has served both countries throughout their respective military histories, influencing the participation of the United Kingdom in the Peninsular War, the UK's major land contribution to the Napoleonic Wars and the establishment of an Anglo-American base in Portugal. Portugal aided England (and later the UK) in times of need, for example, in the First World War. Today, Portugal and the United Kingdom are both part of NATO, a larger intergovernmental military alliance between several North American and European states that accounts for over 70% of total global military spending.

Middle Ages[edit]

English aid to the House of Aviz (which ruled Portugal from 1385 to 1580) set the stage for Portuguese cooperation with England that would become a cornerstone of Portugal's foreign policy for more than five hundred years. However, English aid to Portugal went back much further to the 1147 Siege of Lisbon, when English and other northern European crusaders – en route to the Holy Land to participate in the Second Crusade – stopped and helped Portuguese King Afonso Henriques to conquer the city from the Moors. In May 1386, the Treaty of Windsor sealed the alliance – first started in 1294, renewed in the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373 and confirmed at the Battle of Aljubarrota (1385) – with a pact of perpetual friendship between the two countries. The most important part of the treaty stated that:

It is cordially agreed that if, in time to come, one of the kings or his heir shall need the support of the other, or his help, and in order to get such assistance applies to his ally in lawful manner, the ally shall be bound to give aid and succour to the other, so far as he is able (without any deceit, fraud, or pretence) to the extent required by the danger to his ally’s realms, lands, domains, and subjects; and he shall be firmly bound by these present alliances to do this.^[1]

In July 1386, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, son of the late king Edward III of England and father of the future King Henry IV of England, landed in Galicia with an expeditionary force to press his claim to the Crown of Castile with Portuguese aid. He failed to win the support of the Castilian nobility and returned to England with a cash compensation from the rival claimant.

John of Gaunt left behind his daughter, Philippa of Lancaster, to marry King John I of Portugal (February 1387) in order to seal the Anglo-Portuguese alliance. By this marriage, John I became the father of a generation of princes called by the poet Luís de Camões the 'Illustrious Generation', which led Portugal into its golden age, during the period of the Discoveries.

Philippa brought to the court the Anglo-Norman tradition of an aristocratic upbringing and gave her children good educations. Her personal qualities were of the highest standard, and she reformed the court and imposed rigid standards of moral behaviour. On the other hand, the more tolerant Portuguese aristocracy saw her methods as too traditional or outdated.

Philippa provided royal patronage for English commercial interests that sought to meet the Portuguese desire for cod and cloth in return for wine, cork, salt, and oil shipped through the English warehouses at Porto. Her eldest son, Duarte, authored moral works and became king in 1433; Pedro, who travelled widely and had an interest in history, became regent (1439-1448) after Duarte died of the plague in 1438; Ferdinand the Saint Prince (1402-1443), who became a crusader, participated in the attack on Tangiers in 1437; and Henrique – also known as Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) – became the master of the Order of Christ and the instigator and organiser of Portugal's early voyages of discovery.

Disruption and renewal[edit]

The Iberian Union (1580–1640), a 60-year dynastic union between Portugal and Spain, interrupted the alliance. The struggle of Elizabeth I of England against Philip II of Spain in the sixteenth century meant that Portugal and England were on opposite sides of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) and the Dutch–Portuguese War. Portuguese foreign policy became tied to Spanish hostility to England.

However in 1640 England supported the Portuguese House of Braganza to take power in Portugal replacing the House of Habsburg, putting an end to a 60-year dynastic union between Portugal and Spain. England's support for Portugal during their Restoration War was confirmation of the renewal of the alliance. This was solidified further after the English Restoration and the marriage of Catherine of Braganza and Charles II of England. Portugal ceded Tangier and Bombay as part of the dowry. England in addition to military support on the ground would protect Portuguese shipments in the Mediterranean and the coasts of Lisbon and Porto. Following the defeat of Spain in the war, England mediated the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668 which saw the independence of Portugal and the recognition of Pedro II as King. The English alliance was decisive in the consolidation of the independence of Portugal, and in Pedro's leadership. In return Portugal compromised to transfer to the English the majority of the places recovered from the Dutch, to share in half the commerce of cinnamon and to install English families with the same privileges of the Portuguese families in Goa, Cochin, Diu, Bahia, Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro.

17th to 19th centuries[edit]

The alliance was reconfirmed after the breakup of the Iberian Union, primarily due to both countries' respective rivalries with Spain, the Netherlands, and France, both in Europe and overseas. During this time, important episodes in the alliance were:

• The War of Spanish Succession, when Portugal together with the Duchy of Savoy initially sided with France, but after the Battle of Blenheim reunited with its ally.
• The Seven Years' War, when Spain invaded Portugal in 1762, Britain intervened as Portugal's ally. Although faced with vastly superior numbers, the Portuguese and British forces together with Portuguese guerrillas defeated the Spanish and French forces, which suffered huge losses despite three invasion attempts overall.
• The Napoleonic Wars, when Portugal, isolated in a Europe wholly dominated by Napoleon, continued to trade with the United Kingdom despite French restrictions and was finally invaded, but with British help finally regained total sovereignty and independence. The Portuguese royal family at the time (including Prince John, at the time acting as regent for his mother, the aged and mentally impaired Queen Maria I) took refuge in its then vice-royalty of Brazil, under escort by the British fleet.
• The Portuguese civil war, when the United Kingdom gave important support to the Liberal faction.
• The 1890 British Ultimatum was considered by Portuguese historians and politicians at that time to be the most outrageous and infamous action of the British against their oldest ally.^[2] The 1890 ultimatum was said to be one of the main causes for the Republican Revolution, which ended the monarchy in Portugal 20 years later.

20th century[edit]

During the 20th century, the treaty was invoked several times:

First World War[edit]

• After German incursions in Portuguese East Africa (today Mozambique), Portuguese troops fought on the Western Front alongside Allied soldiers during the First World War.^[3]

Second World War[edit]

• Upon the declaration of war in September 1939, the Portuguese Government announced on 1 September that the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance remained intact, but since the British did not seek Portuguese assistance, Portugal would remain neutral. In an aide-mémoire of 5 September 1939, the British Government confirmed the understanding. British strategists regarded Portuguese non-belligerency as 'essential to keep Spain from entering the war on the side of the Axis.'^[4]
• Britain recognised the important role of the anti-democratic and authoritarian prime minister António de Oliveira Salazar on May 15, 1940, when Douglas Veale, Registrar of the University of Oxford, informed Salazar that the University's Hebdomadal Council had 'unanimously decided at its meeting last Monday, to invite you [Salazar] to accept the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Civil Law'.^[5]
• July 1940: Salazar's decision to stick with the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance allowed the Portuguese island of Madeira to help the Allies: that month, around 2,500 Gibraltar evacuees were shipped to Madeira.^[6]
• September 1940: Winston Churchill wrote to Salazar, congratulating him on his ability to keep Portugal out of the war, asserting that 'as so often before during the many centuries of the Anglo-Portuguese alliance, British and Portuguese interests are identical on this vital question'.^[5]
• Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood, the British Ambassador in Madrid from 1940 to 1944, recognised Salazar's crucial role in keeping Iberia neutral during the war. Lord Templewood asserted that in his thirty years of political life he had met most of the leading statesmen of Europe and that he placed Salazar very high on the list of those who impressed him. He stated that Salazar 'being a man of one idea – the good of his country – he was convinced that the slightest step from the narrow path of neutrality would endanger the work of national regeneration to which he had devoted the whole of his public life'. He also affirmed that 'Salazar detested Hitler', that the Portuguese régime differed fundamentally from Nazism and Fascism, and that Salazar never left a doubt in his mind that he desired a Nazi defeat.^[7]
• During the Second World War, Salazar steered Portugal down a middle path, but nevertheless provided aid to the Allies. The British Ambassador in Lisbon, Ronald Campbell, saw Salazar as fundamentally loyal to the Alliance and stated that 'he [Salazar] would answer the call if it were made on grounds of dire necessity'. When, in August 1943, the British requested base facilities in the Azores and invoked the alliance that had existed for over 600 years between Portugal and Great Britain,^[8] Salazar responded favourably and virtually at once:^[9] Portugal granted naval bases on Portuguese territory to Britain, in keeping with the traditional Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, letting them use the Azorean ports of Horta (on the island of Faial) and Ponta Delgada (on the island of São Miguel), and the airfields of Lajes Field (on Terceira Island) and Santana Field (on São Miguel Island).^[10]
• In November 1943, the British Ambassador in Lisbon, Sir Ronald Campbell, wrote (paraphrasing Salazar) that 'strict neutrality was the price the allies paid for strategic benefits accruing from Portugal's neutrality and that if her neutrality instead of being strict had been more benevolent in our favour Spain would inevitably have thrown herself body and soul into the arms of Germany. If this had happened the Peninsula would have been occupied and then North Africa, with the result that the whole course of the war would have been altered to the advantage of the Axis.'^[11]
• From November 1943, when the British gained the use of the Azores, to June 1945, 8,689 U.S. aircraft departed from Lajes base in the Azores, including 1,200 B-17 and B-24 bomber aircraft which were ferried across the Atlantic. Cargo aircraft carried vital personnel and equipment to North Africa, to the United Kingdom and – after the Allies gained a foothold in Western Europe – to Orly Field near Paris. Flights returning from Europe carried wounded servicemen. Medical personnel at Lajes, Azores, handled approximately 30,000 air evacuations en route to the United States for medical care and rehabilitation. By using Lajes Field, it was possible to reduce flying time between the United States and North Africa from 70 hours to 40. This considerable reduction in flying hours enabled aircraft to make almost twice as many crossings per month between the United States and North Africa and clearly demonstrated the geographic value of the Azores during the war.

Postwar[edit]

• The establishment of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) took place in 1960 following the establishment of the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1957. Portugal and the UK were two of the seven founding members of EFTA. In 1973 the UK left EFTA to join the EEC. Portugal did the same in 1986.^{[citation needed]}
• During the 1982 Falklands War, the facilities of the Azores were again offered to the Royal Navy.^{[citation needed]}

Modern times[edit]

Today, as both countries are members of the NATO, their relations are largely coordinated through those institutions, rather than by the bilateral treaty.

See also[edit]

Sources[edit]

• Hoare, Samuel (1946). Ambassador on Special Mission. UK: Collins; First Edition. pp. 124 and 125.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Kay, Hugh (1970). Salazar and Modern Portugal. NY, USA: Hawthorn Books.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Leite, Joaquim da Costa (1998). 'Neutrality by Agreement: Portugal and the British Alliance in World War II'. 14 (1). American University International Law Review: 185–199. Retrieved March 19, 2014.Cite journal requires journal= (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Meneses, Filipe (2009). Salazar: A Political Biography. Enigma Books; 1 edition. p. 544. ISBN978-1929631902.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Stone, Glyn (1994). The Oldest Ally: Britain and the Portuguese Connection, 1936-1941. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 228. ISBN9780861932276.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

References[edit]

1. ^A. R. Myers, English historical documents. 4. (Late medieval). 1327 - 1485
2. ^Ferreira Duarte, João (2000). 'The Politics of Non-Translation: A Case Study in Anglo-Portuguese Relations'. Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction. 13 (1): 95–112. doi:10.7202/037395ar.
3. ^'British-Portuguese Alliance'. nzhistory. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
4. ^Leite 1998, pp. 185-199.
5. ^ ^abMeneses 2009, p. 240.
6. ^Mascarenhas, Alice (9 January 2013). 'Madeira Gold Medal of Merit for Louis'. Gibraltar Chronicle The Independent Daily. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
7. ^Hoare 1946, pp. 124-125.
8. ^Winston Churchill, 12 October 1943 Statement in the House of Commons
9. ^Kay 1970, p. 123.
10. ^Kay, p.123
11. ^Leite, 'Document 2: Telegram From Sir Ronald Campbell

This article incorporates public domain material from the Library of Congress Country Studies website http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/.

• Country profile of Portugal, Foreign and Commonwealth Office website